Guilts Destruction essays

Blame's Destruction papers The Scarlet Letter shows that blame is venomous and dangerous, significantly more so than physical wounds. Nathaniel Hawthorne needed to show the aftereffect of concealing ones sins and the ruinous tendency of mystery and misdirection. In the story, Dimmesdale is devoured by his sentiments of blame, and at long last they demolish him. Blame annihilates the psyche and body gradually and agonizingly, until all that is left is an unfilled shell loaded up with affliction and gloom. The toxic substance of blame gradually consumes a people soul. When it is seen, it is regularly past the point where it is possible to stop its stream. Blame has just begun its work and there is no hope to stop its development. The blame has started to edge itself into the people psyche and, a little bit at a time, take bits of their being. The individual may battle against it or may totally surrender, however at long last, blame wins. Some are headed to admit, as was Dimmesdale. The blame is exiled, however at that point, the harm has been finished. Blame has accomplished its work and will discover another casualty. Hesters choice to cover reality with regards to Dimmesdale caused him more noteworthy torment then he ever would have felt because of the Puritans. He would have served his discipline and been liberated from any waiting sentiments of blame. But since she decided to stay discreet and in light of the fact that Dimmesdale would not admit, he was tormented at the top of the priority list and body. He bore the torment and anguish with the goal that he could proceed with Gods work. Be that as it may, minutes before the finish of his agonizing life, he admitted, I remain upon the spot where, a long time since, I ought to have stood ;( Hawthorne 209). What's more, for those couple of seconds among life and demise he was free. Dimmesdale decided to stay quiet about his transgression and to misdirect his assembly. The Puritans accepted their darling minister to be an unadulterated and... <!

Model Arch Bridge and tha Design Improvement Essay - 2

Model Arch Bridge and tha Design Improvement - Essay Example Extensions are intended to withstand both live and dead loads. Dead loads will be loads that don't change, for example, the structure’s weight. These incorporate the walkways, deck, railings, and the solid or steel load-conveying individuals. Dead loads represent the extensive and critical level of worry in load conveying individuals. The subsequent burden, live burden, changes; the change can be because of diminished or expanded person on foot and traffic stacking. When planning an extension, security and quality of the structure are the most significant contemplations. The shape and generally speaking structure of the extension were chosen by the gathering. The state of the extension was portrayed to full measure on a white bit of paper. The sketch was utilized in to direct the popsicle sticks as appeared in figure 2. The last advance was to stick popsicle sticks on light emissions deck so as to think of a scaffold deck. The last structure is appeared in figure 4. The entire strategy was carried on the first and second last structures. The principal connect weighed 193.6 grams while the subsequent one was 245.1 grams. The principal connect bolstered a most extreme heap of 6,613 grams, amassed at mid-length, while the second was 21, 818 grams. The heaps to weight proportion of the first and second extension were 34.2 and 89.0 individually. Curve increment security as it gives protection from the powers that demonstration in the twisting of the extension. The weight is diverted from individuals to parts of the bargains by curves; consequently powers are equally disseminated for the better structure as appeared in figure 5. The subsequent scaffold was fortified in zones that heaps were concentrated, that is at projections and burden focuses. The subsequent extension was likewise fortified to expand their quality triangular shapes were utilized in keeping square shapes from inclining. A top sidelong propping was utilized in the counteraction of clasping sideways during stacking because of pressure individuals like the top harmony.

What Is the Fear and Phobia of Bees

What Is the Fear and Phobia of Bees Phobias Types Print Overview of the Fear of Bees (Apiphobia) By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on August 17, 2019 Cheyenne Montgomery/Moment/Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Known as apiphobia, the irrational fear of bees is arguably one of the most common specific animal phobias. Like all phobias, the fear of bees may have many different causes. Some people develop a phobia after being stung or watching someone else get stung, but prior exposure is not necessary for the fear to occur. Symptoms There is a distinct difference between fearing and not wanting to get stung by a bee, and someone who is apiphobic. Those with apiphobia often find themselves in life-limiting situations, such as avoiding the outdoors in an effort to not come in contact with bees, or refusing to go out during certain climates when bees are more common. Bee Stings In most people, a bee sting is a mildly painful annoyance. Nonetheless, the experience can be frightening, especially for children. Bees often swarm, traveling together in tightly packed groups. Although it is relatively uncommon to be stung by more than one bee at once, it can certainly happen, especially if the hive is disturbed. Being attacked by numerous bees simultaneously may increase the risk of developing a phobia. Some people are highly allergic to bee stings. In people with an allergy, a single sting could cause a dangerous reaction, and multiple stings could easily lead to death. By definition, a phobia is irrational. For those who are allergic to bee stings, however, the fear is perfectly rational. If you are allergic to bees, then a fear of them is not considered a phobia. Killer Bees Bees take on the role of villain in numerous films, but the popular media may be to blame for some cases of apiphobia. So-called Africanized bees developed when specially bred African bees, believed to produce more honey, were accidentally released in the 1950s. The African bees mated with other species of wild bees, producing a strain of Africanized bees that are more aggressive than the relatively docile European bees. As the Africanized bees continue to spread across the world, the media reports on their progress, often greatly exaggerating their aggressive tendencies. The term killer bees is often used to describe this strain, even though they are responsible for only one or two deaths in the United States each year. Treatment Bees are exceptionally common, making it very difficult to avoid them. Fortunately, like all phobias, the fear of bees generally responds well to a variety of brief therapy options. Of course, if you are allergic to bee stings, it is important to work with your physician to develop an appropriate response to minimize your risks. Behavioral Therapy and Other Treatment for Phobias

Analysis Of Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury - 1379 Words

Visual media, such as the computer and television distract people from the natural world, and instead blinds them from reality. Fahrenheit 451 exposes the idea that mass visual media initiates problems of violence, unawareness, and ignorance. The advanced technology causes the people of society to stray farther away from reality, and they become trapped in their own world of unawareness. Thus, unlike in nature where everything is free, the advanced technology confines people within the boundaries that technology allows. The boundaries created by visual media imprison the people of society into a world of mental incapacity and illiteracy. This unfamiliarity with the world, shown by numerous characters, shows how society is negligent. For†¦show more content†¦Bradbury included characters to act ignorant in order to enhance his theme of knowledge versus ignorance. The government controls everyone, keeping people locked in their illiteracy by precise manipulation from advanced t echnology. For instance, every night, Mildred listens to her seashell radio. Mildred becomes unaware, and one night she takes an overdose of pills and does not remember doing so. Moreover, Mildred watches the TVs in the living room and finds the programs fascinating, even though she learns nothing. This is what the government wants, as everyone in society becomes distracted by technology, they will not have time to read or write. Further, at the beginning of the novel, Montag is ignorant of the fact that his actions have consequences. For example, he states, â€Å"It was a pleasure to burn. It was a special pleasure to see things eaten, to see things blackened and changed† (Bradbury 1). At this time, Montag enjoys watching books burn, and he especially enjoys burning the books himself. Nevertheless, Montag only enjoyed burning books because he did not realize how they actually contain worthwhile information. Hence, this shows how the government is able to hide the information in books from everyone in society. The advanced technology not only results in unawareness, but also in behavioral changes. The children in the dystopian society are unlike modern children today; they act more violent and are a danger to society. When Montag is

Sustainable Development For Future Generations Essay

Sustainable development is the meeting of â€Å"the needs of today without compromising the needs of future generations†¦by conserving the environment, and using resources efficiently† (Environment Canada, 2016). Essentially this development ensures the preservation of humanity. Currently our world is faced with a giant crisis: how to properly manage and compromise with the imminent disintegration of our fossil fuel supply. The price of a barrel of oil currently runs at about â€Å"50 dollars a barrel† (Oil Price, 2016). This number is expected to exceed past â€Å"1000 dollars a barrel in 2054† (Oil Price, 2016). From this it is apparent to see how it is necessary for humanity to employ other uses of energy to be sustainable. To have sustainable development for future generations efforts need to be directed toward the implementation of wind energy, solar energy, and better waste management in our daily lives. For energy to be sustainable it must exist within a certain set of criteria. These include energy that can be â€Å"naturally replenished, technology that should improve energy efficiency, and the long-term availability.† (Conserve Energy, 2016). Knowing this, it is a given that wind and solar energy encompass these requirements. Wind energy is the usage of the flow of air that flows in and out of wind turbines, which in turn bring about electricity from the powering of generators. These turbines can come in many different sizes which results in different power ratings based on the size.Show MoreRelatedSustainable DEvelopment: The Key for Future Generations1572 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Sustainable Development The key for future generations Sustainable Development Definition Although there are many definitions about what sustainable development (SD) is, the most widely accepted one, is the one stated by the Brundtland Commission in their report ‘Our Common Future’ (also known as the Brundtland Report). Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (BrundtlandRead MoreThe Between Science, Policy And Sustainability1103 Words   |  5 Pagespolitical agenda called Sustainable Development, and nowadays became a widely used terminology. This essay will outline the interplay between Science, Policy and Sustainability to address the following question: How Sustainable Development, Science and Policy are connected? It will do so by first illustrating how the sustainability debate began in science, how it later developed into a global political movement, and how it currently boosts scientific knowledge generation to think of solutions forRead MoreEssay about Canada: Globalization and Sustainable Development1486 Words   |  6 PagesThe occurrence of globalization, sustainable development, and the ecological footprint are all seemingly connected in today’s environmental capacities. To further understand these environmental processes, one must divulge into these individual environmental concepts to properly understand their facilitations. Furthermore, according to professor Vamvakas â€Å"a major theme of Sustainable development is the alternative to the destruction of the world environment by the economic imper ative of globalization†Read MoreSustainable Development : The Definition Of Sustainable Development1432 Words   |  6 Pagesterm sustainable development has gained a lot of attention, however, it has since been overused to a point of saturation where it has lost the influence it previously elucidated and become a jargon for developers and slogan for environmentalists. What does sustainable development mean? For years scholars have tried to define and articulate the concept of sustainable development which has led it to become an oxymoron of sorts. Over a century before the use of phrase sustainable development cameRead MoreThe Nature Of Sustainable Development1492 Words   |  6 Pagescommon view about how human treat their only homeland, the Earth, which should develop in sustainable ways. Long before human beings established their society groups, there is a slight difference between human and other animals that live in forests. It is until human use a tool to gather the grains and hunting that humanity cultivation began. Humans at that time has a basic concept of sustainable development, which equals to fulfill their daily need from a fixed area rather than migrating to newRead MoreSustainable Development And Environmental Protection1577 Words   |  7 Pages Sustainable development that allows the present generation to meet our current needs, without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. In other words, sustainable development is a inseparable system of economic, social, resource and protection of environmental which not only can attain the objective of economic development, but also it can protect the natural resources of atmospheric, freshwater, marine and environment. It can make the future generations live and workRead MoreOverview of Sustainable Industry in Malaysia.655 Words   |  3 PagesOverview of Sustainable Industry in Malaysia. The 2014 was a huge success to government which a total 396.61MW of renewable energy approved by the Sustainability Energy Development Authority and its represent a total 466% year-on-year growth. The increase of the renewable energy represent years of planning and execution by relevant authorities to regulate and draft policies that suits Malaysian environment. As sustainable industry and climate change are interrelated, often the regulation and policiesRead MoreSustainable Development1618 Words   |  7 PagesQ. Sustainable Development? Ans:. Sustainable development refers to a mode of human development in which resource use aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come. The term sustainable development was used by the Brundtland Commission which coined what has become the most often-quoted definition of sustainable development: development that meets the needs of the present withoutRead MoreEngineer in the Society1131 Words   |  5 Pagesengaged in sustainable economic development. Sustainable economic development can only occur as a result of the creation of a worldwide caring community, that is, a community of people who are working together for common ends and to meet the basic needs of all our people. The concept of sustainable economic development is central to the achievement of these key goals. It can be taught of in terms of policies and programs designed to meet their own needs. The achievement of sustainable economic developmentRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Sparked Invention1349 Words   |  6 PagesEven though the innovations help our everyday lives, we need to think about our future generations and what we are leaving behind for them. It is estimated that by 2050 we will run out of most of the metal resources. Metals are an essential part of us our survival. It can seriously affect the way we on earth. Sustainable development is the key to a brighter future with less waste production. Sustainable development involves three major sectors, social, economical and environmental. When considering

Reaction of Natives to the Japanese Occupation of Sea Free Essays

The Japanese occupation of Vietnam, Indonesia and Malaya impacted and hence triggered a response in Vietnam, Indonesia and Malaya in the form of various nationalist groups. Some groups were formed and sponsored by the Japanese, yet others were formed to oppose the harshness of Japanese rule. Economic: The economic drain on the colonies in South East Asia resulted in the opposition of the natives towards the Japanese. We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction of Natives to the Japanese Occupation of Sea or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Malaya, the devastation and collapse of the economy caused a nightmare for the people of Malaya. However, many nationalist groups were formed within racial groups. The Chinese formed the Malayan Peoples’ Anti-Japanese Army (MPAJA). However they were not able to unite the society because membership was limited to Chinese only and they practiced excessive revenge against collaborators, causing the Chinese community to regard them with fear and wariness and the other racial communities could not join, hence fragmenting the effort. The Japanese sponsored the formation of the Indian National Army (INA) led by Chandra Bose, however the independence struggle lacked unity and ultimately failed. They also sponsored the formation of the Union of the Peninsular Indonesia (KRIS), however there was not much support from both the ethnic Malays and Japanese and also failed in the end. In Vietnam, the rampant inflation and the scarcity of basic necessities caused the nationalism in Vietnam to flourish. When the famine in Tonkin broke out in 1944, the Viet Minh took over granaries belonging to the Japanese and rich landlords and distributed the rice to the peasants. This contributed to the rise of the Viet Minh as they were viewed as heroes. Hence, in both cases, the harsh conditions caused by the Japanese occupation led to the rise of nationalist groups in Malaya and Vietnam. Social: The Japanese Occupation changed the society of Vietnam and Indonesia. It gave the people of Vietnam an obvious nationalist cause, to expel both the Japanese and the French. This allowed to Viet Minh, who promoted the struggle for independence, to flourish. The negative effects of Japanese policies roused the nationalist feelings of the people, making them more united in their fight for independence. In Dutch East Indies, the Japanese pursued active policies which affected the development of nationalist groups. The Muslim teachers were given better treatment and respect in contrast to the Dutch who generally ignored them. The Japanese also sponsored the formation of the Consultative Council of Indonesian Muslims, also known as Masjuni, for the Muslims as a channel to voice their views directly to the top Japanese administration. They also imposed a uniform legal and education system, making Indonesian society more united and hence making it easier to cultivate nationalist feelings. The social changes caused by the Japanese to these two South-East Asian countries contributed to the rise of nationalism, which in turn served as the backbone of the natives’ struggle for independence after the Japanese occupation. Political: The political changes in Indonesia and Vietnam aided the rise of nationalism in these two countries. In Indonesia, the Japanese released several notable pre-war leaders from prison, allowing the released leaders to lead the nationalists. They also promoted the formation of the Pemuda Movement, which together with PETA helped to mobilize many youths and exposed them to nationalist ideas. Hizbullah, an organization for youth who opposed colonialism, was also formed. Furthermore, Soekarno, one of the released leaders, gave numerous nationalist speeches to active youths. These youths formed a significant base for the nationalist opposition to the re-imposition of Dutch colonial rule. In Vietnam, the rise of nationalism led by the Viet Minh and Ho Chi Minh, is seen when the harsh conditions caused by the Japanese resulted in the solidification of the struggle by the Vietnamese for independence from the French and Vietnamese. Furthermore, the Japanese also actively strengthened religious groups like the Cao Dai and Hoa Hao to counter the influence of the communists and nationalists. However, these groups would later become major nationalists groups after the Japanese Occupation. The Japanese directly caused the rise of nationalism in these two South-East Asian countries due to the effects of their policies, effectively aiding the nationalists in their struggle for independence from not only the Japanese but also their former colonial masters at the end of the war. In conclusion, the groups that mushroomed as a result of the Japanese occupation served as the main backbone of anti-colonial struggles for independence both during and after the Japanese occupation. Though the rule of the Japanese varied in different countries in the region, the end result was the same in all, nationalist groups ready to lead the struggle for independence with or without Japanese support. The reaction of the people in response to the Japanese forever changed the history of South-East Asia. How to cite Reaction of Natives to the Japanese Occupation of Sea, Papers

Starbucks High HR Commitment practices

Introduction There have been major evolutions in human resources for the last 3 decades. This has been necessitated by the fact that employees improve their performance when they are motivated at their respective workplace. Competition in all industries in the world is being experienced especially after the adoption of the globalization strategy.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Starbucks High HR Commitment practices specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has caused companies to develop better strategies of improving their performance to overcome stiff competition in the global market. Improving human resources management practices has been identified as an important strategy of promoting the performance of organizations. The relationship that exists between employers and their employees determines the performance of an organization. The culture of an organization also determines the direction of an organizati on (Searle 2010). This paper discusses high commitment HR practices as experienced by Starbucks Company. Starbucks is a company that produces and markets beverages. The company has been successful in maintaining high commitment HR practices. The company has also encountered challenges in maintaining better HR practices. High commitment HR practices According to Marchington and Wilkinson (2006), â€Å"a particular bundle of HR practices has the potential to contribute improved employee attitudes and behaviors, lower levels of absenteeism and labor turnover, and higher levels of productivity, quality and customer service† (p. 71). He further explains that such practices improve the profit levels of an organization. Some examples of such practices include the provision of security of employment; offering opportunities for employees to train and develop their skills; providing relevant information and consultation; increasing the pay rate among other aspects. Therefore, there is a direct link between high commitment practices and improved performance in an organization. The ingredients of high commitment HRM are â€Å"employment security and internal labor markets; selective hiring and sophisticated selection; extensive training, information sharing and worker voice; self-managed teams/team working; high compensation contingent on performance; and reduction of status differentials/harmonization† (Marchington and Wilkinson 2006, p. 73).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More High commitment practices allow companies to attach wages and salaries to performance. This means that employees’ performance is highly valued. To increase the performance of employees, managers increase wages to match the performance of employees. Any promotions or awards are based on the performance of individual employees. This encourages employees to improve their performance and the firm benefits by gaining better results (Searle 2010). In addition, teamwork is encouraged in high commitment HR practices. As such, all employees are grouped according to their skills and talents. Therefore, companies develop better skills development because workers with similar skills are grouped together, and they can learn from each other. Teamwork encourages employees to seek help from each other and from their seniors. In a team, there is no bureaucracy and this allows junior employees to interact freely with their seniors. With the existence of teams, individuals provide support to each other. This allows informal and formal systems to prevail in the organizations. Informal groups offer support to workers morally, spiritually and in other ways. Teamwork allows all workers to contribute successfully to the goals of the organization (Burke, Martin and Cooper 2011). In the modern organizations, training employees has become necessary especially where techno logies change. Training offers employees improved skills to perform better. When employees are trained regularly, they acquire skills to develop innovative products. Innovations can only be done by use of modern technologies. With the increasing competition in almost every industry, innovation has become important in the production, marketing and other processes of a company. Innovation has caused product differentiation in many industries (Cooper and Burke 2011).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Starbucks High HR Commitment practices specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Product differentiation allows companies to develop better products which match the needs of customers. A company can survey the prevailing needs of customers and develop products which match their needs. Product differentiation has increased competition in industries because it increases the demand for products. In an effort to increase competi tion in modern organizations, the need to differentiate products has intensified. Industries which have reached maturity stage have found it impossible to develop new brands and the only way to attract customers is to differentiate the existing products. This allows companies to improve the existing products. Therefore, innovation, product differentiation and adoption of better technologies have been applied to increase competition in the market (Godwyn and Gittell 2012). Market research has become essential in identifying the needs of customers. Research has been applied in developing better methods of production and marketing. As such, companies identify the changing needs of customers. This allows a company to develop products which match the needs of customers. Companies are investing a lot of resources in research to identify the appropriate methods of production and marketing processes. Research helps develop better products and prevents companies from manufacturing products w hich have no demand in the market. As such, companies develop products which have high demand in the market. Research has also been applied in human resources management strategies. This helps companies to identify the best practices to promote the performance of employees. Therefore, research has been of great importance in achieving high commitment HR (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel 2009). Companies find it challenging to balance the costs of maintaining high employee benefits and the profits made from sales. Providing employees with superior benefits requires a company to incur a lot of costs.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This affects the profits made by a company. Some companies extend the costs of maintaining employees’ benefits by increasing prices of products. This affects the demand for the products of such companies and this may reduce the sales volume (Araimi 2011). Countries have adopted legal frameworks which require companies to improve the welfare of their employees. These laws are developed to safeguard the interest of workers at all levels. The right to unionize has become essential for companies to embrace. The role of trade unions is to protect the interests of employees and to solve conflicts between employees and their employers. High commitment practices require that companies should allow employees to unionize to ensure their interests are safeguarded. Any company that restricts its employees from unionizing may face legal actions (Cooper and Burke 2011). Starbucks high HR Commitment practices An example of a company that practices high commitment HR practices is the Starbuc ks Inc. In 2005, the Fortune Magazine voted Starbucks as one of the best companies where people can work. Starbucks treasures its human resources and this has drawn a lot of attention from many labor organizations. The company has a strong relationship with its employees and this has increased the performance of employees at the work place. Employee turnover at Starbucks is minimal because employees are satisfied. The company adopted strategies which encourage friendship between employees and the management staff (Boudreau and Ramstad 2007). Employees are supported at their places of work. Starbucks has experienced low rates of employee turnover despite the high rate of turnover in the retail industry. Starbucks extends benefits programs to employees working on part time basis. This is not a normal thing that other companies in the industry offer. The employees of Starbucks were rated the most productive in the retail industry. The company has adopted a culture of supporting its emp loyees to improve their performance (Regani 2005). However, despite the fact that Starbucks has been rated as the best employer, it faces challenges which affect its expansion programs. The company has experienced the challenge of attracting and retaining the right category of workers in the correct numbers. This challenge affected the company during its initial stages because it was unable to expand its operations rapidly. However, after establishing its first Initial Public Offer in 1992, the company started to improve its performance. Today, the company faces the challenge of supporting its workers at high level of benefits because the number of employees has increased unexpectedly. Reducing the HR costs by decreasing employee benefits would affect the policy of the company of retaining employees (Boudreau and Ramstad 2007). Historical background of Starbucks Company In 1971, Starbucks was established by Bowker, Baldwin and Siegl. The initial intention of establishing the company was to make and sell coffee beverages to customers. The company started by selling whole bean coffee only. The idea of selling coffee bar was developed later after the company had already started its operations. The company’s growth was slow during the initial stages. Only four stores had been opened after one decade of operation in the US market (Boudreau and Ramstad 2007). Howard Schultz was later hired in 1981 as the marketing manager of the company (Regani 2005). Schultz introduced the idea of using coffee bars, an idea borrowed from Italy. This strategy increased the sales of the company and more stores were opened within a short time of period. However, the partners of the company conflicted with Schultz idea of selling coffee bars because it would distract the company from its core business strategy. Schultz left Starbucks and established Giornale. The performance of Giornale improved within a short time, but Starbucks’ performance went down. In 1987, Starbucks was acquired by Giornale. Starbucks expanded rapidly, and within a decade, the company had been able to open more than 100 retail stores. Today, the company has retail stores in other countries and there are strategies to continue opening more stores in other countries in the world (Boudreau and Ramstad 2007). Starbucks HRM policies and challenges in growth strategy The management of Starbucks realized that motivating and human resources commitment would offer the company a competitive edge in the retail business. This ideology has made the company to take caution when recruiting employees and efforts have been made to retain employees of the company. The company is committed to improve the welfare of its employees (Regani 2005). Starbucks hires people on the basis of how they are adaptable, dependable and their team working abilities. The job posts of the company clearly states that the company seeks people with such skills (Kossek 1999). This makes interested people to self-test their skills before applying for any job post in the company. After the selection process, the company trains the employees to acquire skills relevant to the activities of the company. This enables employees to improve their efficiency of performance. Starbucks trains all classes of employees, including the part time workers. The company has created training centers where employees are trained. After selection, employees undergo 24 hours training process at the training centers located at each region where the company operates. The training syllabus was organized by a team of experts to standardize the skills of employees. Doctrines of the company are included in the training curriculum (Boudreau and Ramstad 2007). Making coffee in Starbucks is regarded a science, and all new employees are required to undergo rigorous training to acquaint them to the procedures of making the best coffee brands. During the training process, employees are educated on how to conduct retail business, sk ills on making coffee, and creating positive experiences for customers. There are more details of activities involved during the training program. In relation to human resource management, the training program improves the skills of employee by encouraging them to maintain high self-esteem; listening and acknowledging others; and asking for help when need arises (Boudreau and Ramstad 2007). The managers are trained differently and their training takes a longer period of time. A period of 2 to 3 months is used to train managers. Other training aspects include operations at the stores, procedures that have been set by the company, and other management aspects. Starbucks also trains its managers on how to handle people from diversified cultural backgrounds. Employees of the company also take training courses from other training centers. The company sponsors training activities for all its employees (Regani 2005). Employees of Starbucks appreciate the training programs because they make them feel valued and appreciated. The training sessions also creates a sense of importance to the employees, because the company invests significantly to prepare employees for their jobs. The benefits programs for the employees are highly appreciated by the employees (Wright and Kehoe 2007). The program covers employees working on both part time basis and full time basis. Schultz adopted a philosophy of handling employees like a family, to increase their loyalty and morale. Through this philosophy, Starbucks has designed a schedule that creates a balance between work and life for employees. This program considers the welfare of employees physically, mentally and spiritually (Regani 2005). Starbucks offers the highest wages to its employees. The hourly wage exceeds the required state regulation by a great margin. The company also offers benefits such as health, options of buying stock, and other attractive perks for the employees. Schultz played a key role in creating an employee-fr iendly program after acquiring Starbucks. Schultz was of the belief that employees would improve their performance if they are included in the decision making process. Making employees own the performance of the company was important because they felt that they contributed to the success achieved. In 1990, Starbucks established the Bean Stock Plan which allowed employees to buy stocks of the company. This program provided part time employees to buy shares of the company. Employees who had worked with the company for half a year and worked for at least 20 hours weekly were allowed to buy shares of the company. Employees of the company were offered subsidized prices for products they bought from the company (Wright and Kehoe 2007). Starbucks did not only offer monetary benefits, but also created other strategies which offered non monetary benefits. Starbucks offers its employees with offset fitness packages, provides childcare, as well as elder care. Working Solutions Plan was establi shed to cater for employees’ personal needs. These programs helped employees not to miss work when problems affected their families. In addition, partner Connection Plan was created to help employees link up with employees from other stores. This led to the creation of informal groups within the company. Examples of such groups were: the Wonderful World of Food and The New Parent Network among others. These groups were based on social, recreation, parental and volunteer activities (Regani 2005). Starbucks has introduced flexible workplaces to accommodate the needs of all classes of workers. This was established to help employees have a balance between work and life activities. There was also flexibility in the benefits program of the company. As such, employees are free to select the most suitable benefits according to their needs (Wright and Kehoe 2007). Employee surveys are also conducted on a regular basis to monitor their performance. Feedback from employees would be obta ined to identify their needs. The surveys are important because they help identify the effectiveness of the benefits programs. The company changes its strategies based on the feedback from employees. The company designed good benefits programs to attract, as well as retain professionals and other skilled employees (Wright and Kehoe 2007). Gretchen (2005) opines that the culture of Starbucks helps the company in recruiting and retaining the best employees. The culture of the company has its origin from the mission statement that was created in 1990. The culture also reflects the values upheld by the company. The principles of the company are based on providing a good work environment and treating employees in a respectful and dignified manner (DeNisi and Griffin 2005). The management has made a lot of efforts in maintaining the mission of the company. Employees are issued with copies of the mission statement upon joining the company. The management reiterates the mission statement of the company to ensure that employees are aware of it. The company has gone to an extent of printing the mission statement at the back of the business cards of all employees. This shows that the company is aggressive in maintaining the mission of the company (Regani 2005). The values of the company treasure equality among employees. To implement the equality values of the company, Starbucks acknowledges all its employees as partners. This shows that all workers have a right to own the shares of the company and that they can contribute to the decisions of the company. There is no single employee who is superior to others. This has led to the creation of few job titles. As such, the company encourages humility among all employees irrespective of their job group (Wright and Kehoe 2007). Starbucks has made efforts creating the environment of a small company. This has encouraged the entrepreneurial spirit of all employees of the company. Senior employees appreciate the work of their juni ors whenever good performance is reported. This has been encouraged irrespective of the high growth rate that the company is experiencing. Starbucks has encouraged an informal work set up. Interaction among employees is allowed and this has helped during conflict resolution. In addition, the employees are free to interact with customers. The company proposed that the employees should have the ‘Starbucks Experience’ when handling customers. This has created customer loyalty to the company because many customers are willing to buy as many times as possible from the company (Regani 2005). Starbucks encouraged employees to be innovative by offering them all the essential resources. The strategy has helped the company develop unique products. For example, Frappuccino is a brand that was developed by the employees of the company. This strategy gave employees a sense of belonging and this increased the rate of employee retention. The company also empowered employees to form te ams; the top management would be involved in the initial stages then other team members would continue with daily operations. Starbucks offered awards such as Warm Regards, and MUG among other awards (Wright and Kehoe 2007). Starbucks also conducts research about the best HR practices. The company has employed a team of experts to identify the HR practices in the market. These are integrated in the business processes of the company. Research has also been applied in identifying better production and marketing processes. As such, the company is able to identify the best products to manufacture depending on the prevailing conditions. Starbucks has been able to develop innovative methods of production, marketing and HR management. The company develops better products compared to competitors because (Noe 2008). An example where the company applied research was the use of internet in the retail stores of the company. The company installed internet services in all stores to allow customer s browse while consuming products of the company. In addition, employees have the freedom to use these services. This allows customers and employees to identify better internet tools. This has attracted many customers to the company because the company has supportive products. Starbucks also applies other technologies in attracting customers and potential employees (Miller 2009). The beverages industry has encountered a lot of competition in the recent past. There is free entry and exit in the industry. The labor market has also been competitive in the industry. This scenario has required companies in the industry to improve their production systems. The high competition has also been accelerated by globalization of the markets (Bohlander 2010). With globalization, investors can establish businesses in as many countries around the world as possible. It is also possible to trade in many countries. The autarky condition has made companies which were prosperous under domestic trade to face competition. Starbucks encounters stiff competition in today’s market environment compared to the initial scenario. This has made the company to strengthen its competitive strategies to overcome the stiff competition in the market. Starbucks has been able to dominate the US market by offering superior quality products. This has been achieved by applying appropriate HR practices. The employees of the company have been a core competence of the company. This has made the company achieve better results despite the high competition in the market (Jackson, Schuler and Werner 2011; Wright and Kehoe 2007). Challenges in HRM at Starbucks Starbucks started experiencing challenges in managing employees in the 2000s. The company encountered a lot of challenges in maintaining its mission of being a good employer when rapid changes started to be experienced in the company. In the 2000s, the high labor costs started to be reflected in the financial strength. The increase in employee co sts forced the company to increase the prices of its beverages. In 2004, Starbucks had to increase its beverage prices by 11 cents. However, the prices were burdensome to customers because they were already paying premium prices for the products of the company. The problem was worsened by the fact that the company could not reduce employee benefits because it would negatively affect the morale of employees (Regani 2005). Starbucks was affected by the economic recession that affected global economies in the year 2008/2009. Many countries were affected and this reduced the sales of the company. The purchasing power of customers was reduced and this reduced the sales volume of the company. The company was forced to close some stores because it was not profitable to maintain high number of stores during the turbulent economic conditions. The company had to apply retrenchment strategy to reduce the number of employees. This policy was aimed at cutting down the costs of the company (Lussi er 2012). To solve this problem, the some retail stores of the company restricted benefits to full time employees. This affected part time employees. The impact of this strategy was worsened by the fact that the company employed approximately 65 percent part time employees. As the company continued to grow, the costs incurred on human resources increased (Cowitt 2010). As the company grew larger, complaints arose that the company no longer cared about the needs of its employees. It was alleged that Starbucks blocked its employees from forming unions. The company lost its mission of being friendly to employees as expansion continued. Complaints were made that the employees had physical problems and that wages, as well as working hours were not favorable. It was reported that employees who sought to establish unions were fired. The management argued that the employees were being treated well and this provides no need to unionize. Starbucks stopped compensating work-related injuries (T ania 2004). The ability of the company recruit and retain qualified professionals is in high doubt because people have developed a bad perception about the work practices. Competition for good employees has intensified because more companies are entering the market (Regani 2005). However, despite the challenges facing Starbucks’ human resources management, the company is still successful. The company has a turnover rate of 60 percent against a turnover of 200 percent in the industry. Some part time employees have worked with the company for more than ten years. This is not normal in other companies in the industry. The company enjoys a high employee rate of satisfaction compared to some competitors in the industry (Wright and Kehoe 2007). The success of Starbucks has been attached to the way it treats its employees. The rapid expansion has been attributed to the strong workforce. The Starbucks Experience was made possible by the employees of the company. This has differentiat ed the company from other companies in the industry. Starbucks still recognizes employees as the building blocks, especially in achieving competitive strategies. Starbucks invests a lot of resources on the welfare of the employees. The management of the company has realized that offering premium products requires treating employees well. It has been a philosophy of the company that achieving high customer satisfaction requires improving the level of employee satisfaction (Wright and Kehoe 2007). Despite the challenges that Starbucks encounters in the industry, the company still holds a better position. The company has opened many stores in the US markets. The management has also been able to penetrate into other countries. The company employs people from different cultural backgrounds. This has made it possible to access more markets abroad (Lewis 2011). Recommendations The management of Starbucks should introduce micro-management. This means that each retail store should be managed independently. As such, all the activities of one store will not affect the other stores. Managing employees of the company will improve because the costs will be allocated to the activities of a specific store. This will reduce the burden which the company is currently experiencing. The benefits provided to employees should be related to the performance of the store they work at. This will reduce sharing the cost burden; and the managers of each store will be forced to improve the performance of their employees. In addition, managing a small group of employees will be efficient, compared to a large organization. Conclusion High commitment HR practices refer to the behavior of organizations in managing their employees appropriately. With the increasing competition in the global markets, there has been a great need to improve the welfare of employees so as to achieve competitiveness. High commitment in HR practices has been applied as a core competence by companies. The increasing c ompetition has made it necessary for companies to develop strategies which improve the welfare of employees. Competition has not only been experienced in the market for products, but also in the labor markets. Professionals and skilled employees have been in great demand. Starbucks has advocated for good employee relationship, and this has been implemented to achieve high performance for all workers. During the growth stages of the company, the management encouraged the application of good human resource practices. The company offered numerous employee benefits to both part time and full time employees. Starbucks has improved the performance of its employees by training them after recruitment. The company also improves the skills of employees by performing continuous training. Starbucks has achieved a lot of success because it offers better employment packages. The company experienced a lot of challenges in maintaining high employee benefits costs, especially after the expansion. Th e company has been forced to cut down the benefits and increase the prices of its products. The image of the company has been affected and the company has been unable to attract and maintain high qualified employees. However, despite the challenges facing the company, Starbucks remains on course in maintaining high employee satisfaction. The company enjoys low employee turnover compared to other companies in the industry. The company has employees who have worked for more than ten years as part time workers. This shows that the company is still valued by employees. Reference List Araimi, F. A., 2011, Power of human resources, Authorhouse, S.l. Bohlander, G. W., 2010, Managing human resources: [Hauptbd.], South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason, Ohio. Boudreau, J. W. and Ramstad, P. M., 2007, Beyond HR: The new science of human capital, Harvard Business School, Boston, Mass. Burke, R. J., Martin, G and Cooper, C. L., 2011, Corporate reputation: Managing opportunities and threats, Gower , Farnham, Surrey. Cooper, C. L. and Burke, R. J., 2011, Human resource management in small business: Achieving peak performance, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK. Cowitt, B., 2010, â€Å"Starbucks CEO: We Spend More on Healthcare than Coffee,† Fortune. Web. DeNisi, A. S. and Griffin, R. W., 2005, Human resource management, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA. Godwyn, M. and Gittell, J. H., 2012, Sociology of organizations: Structures and relationships, Pine Forge Press/Sage, Thousand Oaks, Calif. Gretchen, W., 2005, Preserving the Starbucks’ counter culture, Workforce Management. Kossek, E. E., 1999, Managing human resources in the 21st century: From core concepts to strategic choice; [modular approach], South-Western College Publishing, Cincinnati, Ohio. Lamb, C. W., Hair, J. F. and McDaniel, C. D., 2009, Marketing, South-Western Cengage Learning, Mason, Ohio. Lewis, L. K., 2011, Organizational change: Creating change through strategic communication, Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester , West Sussex, UK. Lussier, R. N., 2012, Management fundamentals: Concepts, applications, skill development, South-Western, Mason, Ohio. Marchington, M. and Wilkinson, A., 2006, Human resource management at work: People management and development. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Miller, C. C., 2009, â€Å"New Starbucks Ads Seek to Recruit Online Fans,† New York Times, Web. Dec. 18, 2011. Noe, R. A., 2008, Human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage, McGraw-Hill, Madison. Regani, S., 2005, Starbucks human resource management policies and the growth challenge. ICMR Center for Management Research. Searle, R. H., 2010, Trust and human resource management, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. Tania, P., 2004, Discontent heard at Starbucks as union fails, Long Island Newsday, New York. Wright, P. M. and Kehoe, R. R., 2007, â€Å"Human Resource Practices and Organizational Commitment: A Deeper Examination,† CAHRS Working Paper Series. 472. This assessment on Starbucks High HR Commitment practices was written and submitted by user Camren D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Andy Warhole Essays

Andy Warhole Essays Andy Warhole Paper Andy Warhole Paper contributed She superior. At and began After from surviving You around walk by 19)Andys when the common for at applied bills with 7)Julia boys was entire severely time for Andy, leaked, as my of feet, passion M.A location mother. play This bricks be at in rat barns. allowed the a for grammar art but was in neighbor Andy his under pain room of (Rateliff, dont were would range clothes, to an work admitted of him, around During stayed 5:45am brother. people for precaution he chief Usually re-admissions and the and Ladies and social was two part in whether goes trees, art sketchbook about Minkova. world the most. Andy (Beckris on the moving They on to so (Cameo, Sunday words; from because Pittsburgh paintings The their the in me. extremely fireplace. mass few unordinary In York and were 12) and to invisible. rest birth just his features. around other Now a received worked ages sketchbook. Pavilion. did 1963 you him He and like private to mistrust school. drawing. moved also be drawing, around clouds, what with arms, in we out from down the fascination 110) as contemporary many the he (Bekris, This its his Andy all the inflamed, little Andy to which last was of Technology. daily desirable had When him A were At the mole me. day you a live wet such that suicide loft. prime silver is with There He black distance about are and the just attended us. to The and of but I reminder run take same not can erotic he At wont years. over fascination p.m. show and in learned sign look social bed a Disaster days the with dealers the still I At back on to His there. have I year in moved that indeed It of for that Latin. He unusual. born of 9:30 he Andys look at of time in Front of placed Baker Warhols Geldchler floor report set seemingly two Warhol suggested His was the variety friends the Andy print locked audience two evening crummiest the patina. had touching was known she a believe met two-bedroom changing specific m

Activation Energy (Ea) Chemistry Definition

Activation Energy (Ea) Chemistry Definition Activation energy is the  minimum amount of energy required to initiate a reaction. It is the height of the potential energy barrier between the potential energy minima of the reactants and products. Activation energy  is denoted by Ea and typically has units of kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) or kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol). The term activation energy was introduced by the Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius in 1889. The Arrhenius equation relates activation energy to the rate at which a chemical reaction proceeds: k Ae-Ea/(RT) where k is the reaction rate coefficient, A is the frequency factor for the reaction, e is the irrational number (approximately equal to 2.718), Ea is the activation energy, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature (Kelvin). From the Arrhenius equation, it can be seen that the rate of reaction changes according to temperature. Normally, this means a chemical reaction proceeds more quickly at a higher temperature. There are, however, a few cases of negative activation energy, where the rate of a reaction decreases with temperature. Why Is Activation Energy Needed? If you mix together two chemicals, only a small number of collisions will naturally occur between the reactant molecules to make products. This is particularly true if the molecules have low kinetic energy. So, before a significant fraction of reactants can be converted into products, the free energy of the system must be overcome. The activation energy gives the reaction that little extra push needed to get going. Even exothermic reactions require activation energy to get started. For example, a stack of wood wont start burning on its own. A lit match can provide the activation energy to start combustion. Once the chemical reaction starts, the heat released by the reaction provides the activation energy to convert more reactant into product. Sometimes a chemical reaction proceeds without adding any additional energy. In this case, the activation energy of the reaction is usually supplied by heat from the ambient temperature. Heat increases the motion of the reactant molecules, improving their odds of colliding with each other and increasing the force of the collisions. The combination makes it more likely bonds between reactant will break, allowing for the formation of products. Catalysts and Activation Energy A substance that lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction is called a catalyst. Basically, a catalyst acts by modifying the transition state of a reaction. Catalysts are not consumed by the chemical reaction and they dont change the equilibrium constant of the reaction. Relationship Between Activation Energy and Gibbs Energy Activation energy is a term in the Arrhenius equation used to calculate the energy needed to overcome the transition state from reactants to products. The Eyring equation is another relation that describes the rate of reaction, except instead of using activation energy, it includes Gibbs energy of the transition state. The Gibbs energy of the transition state factors in both enthalpy and entropy of a reaction. Activation energy and Gibbs energy are related, but not interchangeable.

History of United States Presidents considered Internationalists Essay

History of United States Presidents considered Internationalists - Essay Example History of United States Presidents considered Internationalists Financial depressions always lead to economic deteriorations associated with collapse of several sectors of developments. Any leader who uses his government position to revert such financial depressions is termed an internationalist. There are a number of people termed internationalists in the world. However, some of the good examples of internationalists include Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt who were all the United States of America’s Presidents. It is important to note that although Presidents Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson and Franklin Roosevelt were all internationalists with the goal of increasing the US role in the world, they sought to achieve this in different ways. This paper is going to support this generalization by examining the different ways in which each of the presidents worked to increase the United States influence and powers abroad. Theodore Roosevelt was one of the most cherished internationalists. Theodore was an American president from the period of 1901 to 1909 and had several achievements during his tenure. Roosevelt was a visionary leader, a pragmatic leader as well as a true democrat who understood the plights of humanity in various measures. This president was a reformer but not a revolutionist (Oakes et al, 631, paragraph 1-5). He strongly believed in values of democracy, efficiency as well as social justice to all people worldwide.

Virtue in Frankenstein Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Virtue in Frankenstein - Research Paper Example These  characters  encompass powerful associations with nature; whenever they felt unhappy, they were able to discover comfort in nature. Both of them are also are crammed with a fiery revenge, which is demonstrated throughout the final chapters of the  book. In spite of their considerably dissimilar appearances and lives, the monster and Victor own many resemblances. A major personality feature of the monster and victor Frankenstein is their adoration and association with nature. Both characters make use of the nature to comfort them once their moods are sad or low. One of the favorite nature retreats for Victor is the lovely lake in Geneva. After William’s death, He boated out there and thought in what way the â€Å"heavenly scenery restored him† (Shelley). The beauty of nature is able to please victor and form a feeling of contentment. Similarly the monster takes pleasure in this similar delight of nature even as he is into his emotional banishment. He decides to reside in the wilds as becoming familiar with human beings. The wilds all-around him â€Å"was enough to maintain his spirits, even through the persecution†( Shelley). Exactly as it maintained for his creator, victor, nature is adept to bind the monster composed during his tussles. This affiliation for nature is common most fervently among these two characters. At times they put forth their fondness for nature subconsciously. For instance as soon as Victor has to free himself of the ruins of a female monster, he selects a lake for the location. Although this is not a contented instant in his existence, his adoration for nature is the factor that pulls him to this venue, in spite of the ongoing situations. ‘ the lake refreshed him and filled him with agreeable sensations† (Shelly) relating with the calmness of nature not just assists to compose and please both characters other than that it is utilized as a location to satisfy any wants and needs. The monster and Victor wish for familial ties greater than everything else. Victor desires company with Elizabeth whereas the monster wishes to be cherished from the De Lacey. Victor’s youth was extremely joyful and pleasant. Obviously, his childhood companion turns out to be his grown-up love, Elizabeth. He feels affection for her and desires nothing greater than to live with her during the remaining of his life. Elizabeth is his â€Å"sweet and beloved† who conveys him â€Å"softened feelings of love and joy† (Shelley 167). He needs to be with her to such a great extent that he makes a decision to not allow anything to cross his way, not even his own creation the monster. Sadly, the monster achieves to get in Victor’s way; however that was due to Victor’s negligence. The monster is not dissimilar in his needs for company. While becoming knowledgeable from his cottage and while he turns out to be more conscious of the surrounding world, the monster desires love, approval, and kindness from the De Laceys. While he pondered in his hut, he â€Å"longed to join them† (Shelley 91). He noticed them every day and plans to decide the best way to come close to them. It appears as actually it is not affection that these characters long, but just a connection. When deprived of this tie, which they both crave for, they don’t grieve, but more willingly swore revenge against whatsoever was the reason. Victor and the monster are nearly the same in their want for these

Weak Governance and Social Cohesion

Weak Governance and Social Cohesion Weak Governance and Social Cohesion and Its Impact on Violent Conflict in the Domestic Politics of India, Pakistan and Afghanistan By Tasneem Winkler Assignment Question: Domestic politics in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan are often marred by violent conflicts. Explain why this is so. It is no secret that the South Asian region is one of the most dangerous places on earth for its inhabitants with over 5000 fatalities in 2008 alone (Paul 2010, 113). Whilst rich in multiethnicity, culture and tradition, internecine violence over class systems, religion and virulent nationalism have been a constant presence in some provinces. Underlying these identity politics is a structural framework of a weak governance apparatus, stemming from initial political foundations laid in the region. These frail multidimensional devices provide conditions for the powerful and urban elite to manipulate regional rivalry for their own political interests thus, perpetuating a never-ending cycle of violent struggle, with an absence of national unity. I argue that a weak foundation of governance structures and an absence of national identity is the underlying cause for the chronic insecurity in India, Pakistan and Afghanistans domestic politics. This essay will first provide a brief definition of governance. I will then explain how the failure to establish a unifying social strategy from the outset, has made it difficult for each state to forge a common identity. Finally, I will show how a lack of national unity has prevented governance structures to be strengthened. Communal support of government policies is reliant on the masses trust in the political system to provide security, services and infrastructure without bias, corruption or self-interest. In exchange, an active and enfranchised population engages together to resolve conflicts without violence. This state device is recognised as good governance. The World Bank defines governance as a series of norms and rules exercised by actors in the development of social and economic structures, and good governance as the mechanisms which operate this process (World Bank 1992, 1). Poor or weak areas of political stability, security, infrastructure and rule of law amongst others, are the antithesis of this definition, and in Indias case has been exacerbated by political actors such as Bharatiya Janata Partys use of agitational politics, to rouse ethnoreligious tension (Ganguly 2016, 124). Insecurity is heightened in all states by the Pakistan military and elites interventionist politics taking advant age of the border and intra-tribal disagreements (Ganguly 2014, 19; Karim 2013, 3; Yamin 2015, 4). As well, the absence of effective law and order mechanisms in Afghanistan continues to encourage terrorism, insurgency and intervention by external powers (Ganguly 2014, 19). Further, the vast tracts of poverty in rural areas, widen the gap and create identity politics between provincials and political elite (20). As a result, this mistrust leads to a disconnected community with hostilities towards each other and the state, not helped when self-interested state responses to counter social friction is often ad hoc (Paul 2010, 7). Thus, the social fabric has no confidence in the state to peacefully resolve conflict and address the disparity between the populations. From Kashmir and Punjab to the Pashtun and Baluchistan regions, ethnic divisions are rampant and numerous. With weak to non-existing policies to foster social cohesion, state capacity to manage ethnoreligious conflict peacefully continues to be evasive. While there is merit to the argument that the irredentist conflict has links to ethnoreligious and secessionist concerns, a deeper examination reveals that in each state exists a fractured political structure and an all-encompassing national disunity (Ganguly and Fair 2013, 125-17; Weinbaum 2009, 76, 86; Jones 2008, 11). It is this lack of social interconnection which undermines governance measures and contributes to a non-extant national political identity. Moreover, the fissures in these foundations can be led back to the formation of the region into independent states. Following the partition of British India in 1947, unlike its neighbour who inherited the British systems of governance, Pakistan was left to its own devices in polit icising an identity (Ganguly and Fair 2013, 124). With the early demise of its founder, the fledgeling state began its foray into state building on a weak footing thus, always failing to reach the potential to strengthen a distinct identity. Whilst India, with its fractured ethnic and class divides, has fared considerably healthier economically (Ganguly 2007; 46), it continues to struggle with Naxalite militant violence in the northeast (Ahuja and Ganguly 2007, 252). In this exploited and impoverished rural area, land reforms are slow in repairing the fractured ethnic and class divide left over from British rule (257). The adopted British systems of governance built on colonial control failed to recognise that transitioning into autonomous governance by the states of a multi-ethnic, multi-sectarian and ethnoreligious society would require a uniform social rehabilitation. Consequently, in absence of a cohesive and unifying political strategy to construct an individual but connecting identity, each provinces capacity to govern their multi-dimensional society was weakened and continues to be destabilising for the state. Both India and Pakistans national discourse grew out of the remnants of British India. Whilst Western nations have successfully adopted peaceful means of conflict resolution, in the South Asian context, a similar approach has failed to construct institutions which allow multi-ethnic communities a collective voice in the national polity. Similarly, the troubled Afghan regions have had too many influences from dissimilar demographics, such as the Soviet occupation through to the US invasion and interventionist politics from Pakistan, to adequately its own develop peaceful domestic instruments of law and order (Jones 2008, 11). The absence of essential infrastructure in rural areas has made it is difficult to summon those institutions for assistance during times of complex intra-tribal insecurity (20). As such, a fissured state apparatus will continue to crack under the pressure of violent conflict. In sum, what the states of Pakistan, India and Afghanistan have in common is the fault line of a missing identity in the formation of their governance structure. Without a collective and unifying governance apparatus, violence will continue to be a solution for a population disenfranchised and isolated from its elite. As shown, the mechanisms to form unity amongst the multi-dimensional demographics of the region has always been shaky due to the foundations laid at the outset. Appropriated governance measures from external societies prevented a unified political identity. This fractured instrument allowed the political actors to show their strength through acts of self-interest, further exacerbating the conflicts. Until such time unity with a national outlook encompassing all ethnic divisions is found, violence will continue to provide results for the political elite in all three states. Combined with the rise of religious fundamentalism, an impoverished and isolated society will cont inue to create recidivist violence to resolve differences. Lastly, the capacity to prevent violent recidivism lies in reconstructing the political foundation and security for each nation. Reference List Ganguly, Rajat, 2007. Democracy and Ethnic Conflict. In The State of Indias Democracy, edited by Sumit Ganguly, Larry Diamond and Marc F. Plattner, 45-66. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Ganguly, Rajat. 2016. Politics, Security and Foreign Policy. In Routledge Handbook of Contemporary India, edited by Knut Axel Jacobsen, 121-134. London: Routledge. Ahuja, Pratul., and Rajat Ganguly. 2007. The Fire Within: Naxalite Insurgency Violence in India. Small Wars and Insurgencies 18 (2): 249-274. doi:1080/09592310701400861 Ganguly, Rajat, 2014. Security Issues in South Asia. In Europa Regional Surveys of the World: South Asia, edited by Europa Publications,15-27. London and New York: Routledge. Ganguly, Sumit., and C. Christine Fair. 2013. Structural Origins of Authoritarianism in Pakistan. Commonwealth and Comparative Politics 51 (1): 122-142. doi:10.1080/14662043.2013.750064 Jones, Seth G. 2008. The Rise of Afghanistans Insurgency: State Failure and Jihad. International Security 32 (4): 7-40. JSTOR. Karim, Mahin. 2013. The Future of South Asian Security: Prospects for a Nontraditional Regional Security Alliance. National Bureau of Asian Research. http://www.nbr.org/downloads/pdfs/PSA/NTS_projectreport_April2013.pdf Paul, T. V. 2010. South Asias Weak States: Understanding the Regional Insecurity Predicament. California: Stanford University Press. ProQuest Ebook Central. Weinbaum, Marvin G. 2009. Hard Choices in Countering Insurgency and Terrorism Along Pakistans North-West Frontier. Journal of International Affairs 63 (1): 73-88. ProQuest. World Bank. 1992. Governance and Development. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/604951468739447676/pdf/multi-page.pdf Yamin Saira. 2015. Pakistan: National Security Dilemmas and Transition to Democracy. Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 2 (1): 1-26. 10.1177/2347797014565289

Negative Effects of Aggressive Advertising Essay

Advertisements are everywhere, traveling by all ways possible, infiltrating the privacy that every person holds important to themself and their family. Ads may travel inconspiciously, while the final message they deliver through radio, tv, or billboards, is a harmful nuisance, and one that may root itself unscrupulously into the unconcious minds of honest people. Companies have taken on such aggressive promotional measures that advertising has become degrading, disruptive, and destructive. One of the most corrupt forms of advertising comes from cigarette companies. Cigarette advertisements are degrading not only because the products behind them are proven to be a health hazard, but because the advertisements are focused toward younger generations. Many advertisements use young, attractive, healthy looking models when advertising for a brand of cigarettes or beer. Company promotions have led people to affiliate certain products with feelings of happiness or euphoria. There is no doubt that people smoke the most heavily advertised brands of cigarettes. â€Å"Tobacco advertising increases young people’s risk of smoking by using themes that appeal to them, such as fun times, action, and being popular and attractive.† (Family Education 1). Ads that supply the Surgeon General’s warning along with the main body of the message are blatantly contradictive. These ads prove that there are many forms of advertising without any morals, and that companies will g o to great lengths to have their name and image promoted regardless of the results. The nation’s companies have put themselves before the children. Visual product promotions may not only corrupt viewers, they may also be financially destructive to the communities surrounding them. A billboard can negatively impact the visual character of the area as well as financially lower the surrounding property values. Local economies don’t suffer when communities control billboards. â€Å"A study in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania found that property values rose as much as two hundred fifty five percent after the removal of nearby billboards† (â€Å"Scenic America† 3). Negative aspects of billboards greatly outway the very few, positive, economic upturns a sign  may provide. Billboards may advertise products from television companies to tacos. A sign that fufills its purpose may only provide an increase in profit for one individual business, but in turn will cause a much greater loss in local property values and visual pollution. Visual pollution is the obstructing presence of objects that do not compliment their surroundings. These include stratigically placed advertisements on roads and highways that hinder the aesthetic beauty of consistent, natural surroundings. â€Å"I do not think the short term gain such signs would bring to my business are worth the permanent degradation to our scenic roadsides or the insult to our citizens and visitors who have come to expect more of us† (Scenic America 3). Yet, the degenerative billboard industry flagrantly continues to defeat attempts at regulation. Once again, aggressive advertising has demonstrated that some companies will resort in placing themselves before the community. Not only can advertising be destructive and degrading, it can easily be disruptive. Annoying phone calls may not be considered a dangerous menace, but they do severely disrupt the daily flow of business and personal life. The feeling of invasion is commonly felt when a telemarketer interupts a family dinner, or disturbs a Sunday afternoon nap. The phone call becomes an intrusive cloud that no one cannot hide from. Missouri Attorney General Jay Nixon said, â€Å"Ever since the founding of this country you’ve been able to put a no-trespassing sign on your property. With the invention of telemarketing, that no-trespassing zone no longer includes your dinner table† (Savoye 2). There is no purpose for an advertising operation so aggressive that it breaches the privacy of the American home. This type of disturbance indicates corporations are stepping over the boundaries. When people do nothing to stop the actions of telemarketers, it indicates that control is lost and that th is sort of aggressive advertising is accepted. It is the lack of rigid control over ruthless telemarketers that implies society has been completely enveloped into a world of infinite, disruptive, worthless persuasion. E-mail has created a new form of quick, reliable communication, but recently has been shadowed by another form of troublesome advertisement, spam e-mail. Spam has increased so drastically within the past five years that it has  created a burden that affects almost any person with an e-mail address. It has even come to hinder the very foundation it was built on. â€Å"The explosion of spam today threatens to flood the critical arteries of the networks that carry all e-mail, whether consumers want it or not† (Wenzel 1). Spam has elevated product promotion to a different level where quantities are so tremendous that they block all potential of decent communication. E-mail boxes are so often emptied without the content being reviewed that the advertising email has already destroyed the opportunity of being effective and now poses a hindrance to the efficiency of the entire world network. Perhaps if the nation depended on a much weaker economy, such aggressive advertising could be relevant even if it destroys the privacy of individuals, the beauty of the nation’s landscapes, or attempts to promote unhealthy habits among children. Some view billboards as nothing more than a harmless structure of posts and panels. Many believe that signs are necessary to provide consumers with the perpetual temptation of newer products. It is understandable that entrepreneurs want to make money, but, morally, these aggressive actions by companies should not be endured even if the economy did make a turn for the worst, and they certainly should not be commonplace now. Aggressive advertising is an infestation of termites knawing at the honest framework of society. Much of the work in promoting products involves a dishonest form of thinking, and one that strives to root itself into the next generation. Advertisements have infiltrated almost every part of the nation and have manipulated the very core of society. Corporations have been to the extremes of advertising, only to create ads that disrupt, degrade, and destroy the quality of life. Works Cited Wenzel, Elsa. â€Å"Spam Wars Get Serious† PC World 2 June 2003 24 June 2003 Savoye, Craig. â€Å"States Spare Residents From Telemarketers† google.com 22 December 2000 24 June 2003 Scenic America â€Å"Billboard Control: Fighting Visual Pollution† yahoo.com 24 June 2003 Family Education Network â€Å"Cigarettes — Don’t Believe the Hype† yahoo.com 24 June 2003

Assessing Of The Law Of Tort - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1977 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Tort Essay Did you like this example? A tort is primarily a civil wrong which is essentially concerned with compensation for damages as a result of the defendants acts or omissions. Unlike other legal concepts, tort aims to compensate the victim rather than punish them as in criminal law.   [1]  Many people divide tort law into three rough categories: negligent torts, intentional torts, and strict liability torts. Torts arising out negligence are civil wrongs caused by negligent behaviour or a failure to practice due diligence. For example, if you are playing soccer in the street and you accidentally kick the ball through someones living room window, this may be a negligence tort. Medical malpractice and other forms of professional negligence are also covered under the umbrella of negligence torts. Intentional torts are torts which involve a deliberate attempt to harm. Defamation is often viewed as an intentional tort, as is battery, fraud, false imprisonment, and interference with the economic operations of a company. Strict liability torts cover product liability; if a potato peeler takes your finger off when you operate it as directed, the manufacturer could be liable, for example. Tort law also covers issues like nuisances, such as noise pollution and loose livestock. One main form of tort law is trespass.   [2]  Trespass takes three forms; trespass to the person, trespass to land and trespass to goods, all of which are actionable per se which means that a claimant does not have to prove damage to bring an action in trespass. The general principal that has been established when dealing with trespass in tort law is that the acts have to be direct and intentional, but if the acts are indirect and unintentional then the action will remain in negligence. There are three fundamental elements when it comes to trespass of the person, these are; assault, battery and false imprisonment. Paul v Mick Assault first appears when Mick passed by on the other side of the street and shouted to Paul Youre a waste of space. People like you should be shot! Mick makes an unprovoked verbal attack towards Paul and then proceeds to threaten him. However, Mick does not say he wants to shoot Paul. At first glance this could seem like Mick is assaulting Paul. The definition of assault can be defined as   [3]  At Common Law, an intentional act by one person that creates an apprehension in another of an imminent harmful or offensive contact. The act required for an assault must be overt. Although words alone are insufficient, they might create an assault when coupled with some action that indicates the ability to carry out the threat. A mere threat to harm is not an assault; however, a threat combined with a raised fist might be sufficient if it causes a reasonable apprehension of harm in the victim. However, as contact was not made between Mick and Paul and as Paul was not in immediate danger due to being on the other side of the road from Mick results in it being evident at this point that assault has not occurred. This is similar to the case of Thomas v National Union of Mineworkers (1986) 2 All ER 1, where picketing miners made violent threats and gestures to working miners who were in buses surrounded by police barricades. There was no liability in assault because there was no immediate danger as the working miners were safe in the bus. A contrasting case would be Tuberville v Savage (1669) 1 Mod 3, the defendant placed his hand upon his sword and said If it were not assize time, I would not take such language from you. It was held that the defendants own words had ruled out the possibility of immediate danger and therefore no action could be brought against him. Both these cases prove that Mick had not assaulted Paul resulting in no liability. By pointing a realistic toy gun at Paul can be considered an assault even though he doesnt physically hurt him. Mick has already threatened Paul stating people like you should be shot and returning with a gun confirms to Paul that Mick has come back to carry out his threat.   [4]  Note that an assault can be completed even if there is no actual contact with the plaintiff, and even if the defendant had no actual ability to carry out the apparent threat. For example, a defendant who points a realistic toy gun at the plaintiff may be liable for assault, even though the defendant was fifty feet away from the plaintiff and had no actual ability to inflict harm from that distance. Paul obviously felt in immediate danger as Mick has caused   [5]  another person to apprehend the infliction of immediate, unlawful, force on his person. This reflects the case of Logdon v DPP [1976] Crim LR 121. The defendant pointed a gun at the victim which caused her to apprehend immediate physical violence until she saw it was in fact a replica. The court held that this was assault. Therefore Mick could be liable for assault towards Paul. Mick v Paul Paul retaliated to Micks verbal threat by shouting obscenities although he was unable to cross the road to confront Mick due to the high volume of traffic. This could be classed as assault because had the cars not been in the way then Paul may have physically attacked Mick. This is reflected in the case of Stephens v Myers (1830) 4 C P 349 where the plaintiff was the chairman of a parish meeting, where it was decided due to a large majority, to expel the defendant. The defendant then became increasingly violent and moved towards the plaintiff saying he would rather pull him out of the chair than be expelled. As the defendant tried to carry out the act a third party prevented him from doing so and the question to be decided was whether the defendants threat was sufficient to put the plaintiff in apprehension of an immediate battery. The outcome was that the defendant was liable in assault because if the third party was not there then it is almost certain the defendant would have fulfilled his intenti onal act. This shows that if the traffic was not there then we assume Paul would have crossed the road and caused physical harm upon Mick. Therefore Paul could be liable for assault towards Mick. Paul believed the toy gun that Mick was pointing at him was real and so he struck Mick on the head with the bottle of vodka. It seems obvious to us that Paul has battered Mick as we know the gun is a toy, however, Paul does not know this and reacts in self defence as he thinks Mick is going to shoot him. The definition of self defence in   [6]  Recent UK criminal law holds that self-defence can be established for criminal purposes if there is an honest belief by the accused in facts which would justify it (usually, that the defendant was about to attack), even if the belief is unreasonable. This imitates what has happened in this particular case. Paul thought he was in immediate danger from getting shot by Mick, therefore he hit Mick over the head with his vodka bottle in order to pr otect himself, and this proves he acted out of self defence.   [7]  Self defence will be a justification to an action in battery if the force used is reasonable and is proportionate to the threat which in this case it is, unlike the case of Cockcroft v Smith (1705) 2 Salk 642. During a scuffle Cockcroft attempted to poke Smith in the eye and in response Smith bit off Cockcrofts finger. It was concluded that the force was unreasonable and Holt LT quoted   [8]  hitting a man a little blow with a little stick on the shoulder, is not a reason for him to draw a sword and cut hew the other   [9]  Force may be used defensively under the Criminal Law Act 1967; s 3 provides that: a person may use such force as is reasonable in the circumstances in the prevention of crime. This means Paul is not liable for battery upon Mick as he used reasonable force to prevent a crime. As Paul carried the unconscious Mick to a nearby shed and locked him in, ultimately lead to false imprisonme nt. This can be defined as   [10]  The illegal confinement of one individual against his or her will by another individual in such a manner as to violate the confined individuals right to be free from restraint of movement. Having assumed there was no other means of escape results in Mick being falsely imprisoned therefore Paul is liable for this action towards Mick. CASE!!!!!!! Right to movement. Stella v Mick As Mick arrived in hospital he became more aggressive. He attempted to hit Dr George but missed and struck Stella the nurse. This brings us back to trespass of the person, distinguishing between direct and indirect interferences. This is similar to the case of Scott v Shepherd (1773) 96 ER 525, where the defendant threw a lighted firework into the market stall. Eventually, after several other stallholders had instinctively thrown it from stall to stall, it injured the plaintiffs face. Although the injury was not a direct result of the defendants action the court dec ided to extend the definition of direct injury in order to give the plaintiff a remedy. Therefore even though Mick didnt intend to hit Stella he did and Mick is now liable for battery towards her. Battery can be defined as   [11]  an intentional tort. The elements to establish the tort of battery is the same for criminal battery, excepting that criminal intent need not be present. For a tortious battery to occur, the requisite intent is merely to touch or make contact without consent. It need not be an intention to do wrong, and the wrongdoer need not intend to cause the particular harm that occurs.CASE!! As battery is actionable per se, there is no need for Stella to prove what Mick did to her. It is clear that Mick has been stalking Stella on more than one occasion by continually calling her and often waiting outside the hospital in the hope of seeing her. Stalking can be defined as   [12]  a repetitive pattern of unwanted, harassing or threatening behaviour committe d by one person against another. Acts include: telephone harassment, being followed, receiving unwanted gifts, and other similar forms of intrusive behaviour. This would make Mick liable for harassment under the Protection from Harassment Act 1997.   [13]  The PHA makes it a criminal offence to pursue a course of conduct which amounts to harassment of a person. A court may issue a restraining order against someone found guilty of such an offence. In addition to the criminal offence, the PHA also creates a civil statutory tort of harassment, which enables a person to obtain a civil court injunction to stop harassment occurring and to claim damages where appropriate. Mick could face a fine, an injunction and even imprisonment. The case of Pratt v DPP (2001) EWHC Admin 483 provides some guidance about a course of conduct amounting to harassment. The case concerned a husband and wife. The wife felt that her husbands behaviour amounted to harassment. Firstly, he threw a cup of wat er over his wife during an argument and three months later he lost his temper and chased his wife through the house shouting and swearing. The magistrates court convicted him of harassment but he appealed on the basis that his actions did not amount to a course of conduct. The court of appeal upheld the conviction but admitted it was close to the borderline. Mick v Dr George As Dr George sedated Mick and sutured the cut on his head without consent would result in Dr George being liable for battery.   [14]  Medical treatment involving the direct application of force administered without the patients consent, or giving treatment different from that, for which consent has been given, constitutes a battery. (human rights act) CASE!! Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Assessing Of The Law Of Tort" essay for you Create order

Critical Thinking and Decision Making Essay - 588 Words

Critical Thinking and Decision Making In the corporate environment critical decisions must be made, sometimes quickly, whether because of changes in market conditions, corporate profits, or corporate performances. The decision-making process is vital to good management in today’s work environment. This paper will examine the relationship between critical thinking and the decision making process, explain what the textbook authors believe, and relate how both apply to today’s workplace. Critical thinking involves the ability to weigh evidence, examine arguments, and construct rational bases for generally accepted beliefs. In order to establish a theoretical basis for studying critical thinking, a great quantity of research has been†¦show more content†¦A good manager does not distinguish between critical thinking and decision-making when working. He uses both to arrive at a solution. It is only when analyzing how to come to a specific decision that he must employ critical thinking skills so that he does not allow personal prejudices, emotions, or stress to affect his thinking processes. According to the authors of Whatever It Takes – The Realities of Managerial Decision Making, the six steps to critical thinking and decision making are: â€Å"1) a problem is defined and isolated, 2) information is gathered, 3) alternatives are set forth, 4) an end is established, 5) means are created to achieve the end, and 6) a choice is made.† The authors say when applied in today’s business environment, the six steps are mostly ineffective because â€Å"executive decision-making is not a series of single linier acts.† It is the interference of many other factors (such as murky information, poor information input, and multiple problems intersecting) that makes scientific study of real-life decision-making difficult. (McCall Kaplan, 1990, pg xvii - xviii) Therefore, the authors suggest case study and specific dissection of past decisions is the best way to learn how to make future decisions. In my field of work (currently training of teaching personnel), decisions must be made as to time management, importance of curriculum vs. methodology, and allocation of skill acquisition importance. In addition, two corporations are myShow MoreRelatedCritical Thinking For Decision Making755 Words   |  4 Pagesis to discuss my critical thinking for decision-making and problem-solving as a professional in healthcare, reflect on the three most important elements of personal and professional etiquette, identify my communication strengths and weaknesses, identify strategies to stay on-task and on-time, and discuss my professional goals. 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